The Process to becoming an Australian Citizen
How to Become an Australian Citizen: Understanding Citizenship by Conferral and Citizenship by Descent
Becoming an Australian citizen is an important milestone that represents stability, belonging, and a long-term commitment to building your life in Australia. Citizenship provides significant benefits, including the right to vote, access to government jobs, the ability to apply for an Australian passport, and full participation in the community. There are different pathways to becoming an Australian citizen, and the two most common are citizenship by conferral and citizenship by descent. Understanding the difference between them is essential when deciding which pathway applies to you or your family.
Citizenship by Conferral
Citizenship by conferral is the most common pathway for migrants who have made Australia their home. This option is available to permanent residents who meet specific eligibility criteria.
Who can apply for citizenship by conferral?
You may be eligible if you:
- Are a permanent resident of Australia
- Meet the general residence requirement
- Are of good character
- Intend to live in Australia or maintain a close and continuing connection with the country
- The general residence requirement
Most applicants must have:
- Lived in Australia on a valid visa for four years
- Spent at least one year as a permanent resident
- Spent no more than 12 months total outside Australia
- Spent no more than 90 days outside Australia in the final 12 months before applying
The citizenship test
Most applicants aged between 18 and 59 must sit and pass the citizenship test, which assesses knowledge of:
- Australian values
- History and culture
- Responsibilities and privileges of citizenship
Why choose citizenship by conferral?
This pathway is ideal for migrants who have lived in Australia for several years, established themselves in the community, and wish to fully participate as Australian citizens.
Citizenship by Descent
Citizenship by descent is available to people who were born outside Australia but have at least one biological or legal parent who was an Australian citizen at the time of their birth.
Who can apply for citizenship by descent?
You may be eligible if:
- You were born overseas
- At least one parent was an Australian citizen at the time of your birth
- You can provide evidence of your parent’s citizenship and your relationship to them
Key considerations
If your parent became a permanent resident but was not yet a citizen at the time of your birth, you may not be eligible under this pathway.
Children who obtain citizenship by descent must enter Australia on an Australian passport.
Why choose citizenship by descent?
This pathway is suitable for individuals who have a direct Australian lineage but were born overseas and want to formally access their right to Australian citizenship.
Which Citizenship Pathway is Right for You?
The correct pathway depends on your personal circumstances:
If you were born overseas and have an Australian parent, citizenship by descent is usually the appropriate option.
If you migrated to Australia and have lived here for several years as a permanent resident, citizenship by conferral is typically the right pathway.
Understanding your eligibility is the first step. A migration professional can guide you through the requirements and ensure your application is correctly prepared.
Final Thoughts
Becoming an Australian citizen is a meaningful achievement and an exciting milestone in your journey. Whether you are applying by conferral or descent, it is important to understand the eligibility requirements, gather the correct documents, and prepare your application carefully.
At Lumeda Migration, we assist individuals and families in understanding their citizenship options and preparing strong, accurate applications. If you are ready to take the next step toward becoming an Australian citizen, we are here to support you.
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